Apparatus for the heat treatment of peat.



N. TESTRUP & T. RIGBY.

APPARATUS FOR THE HEAT TREATMENT OF FEAT.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT 24.1914.

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APPARATUS FOR THE HEAT TREATMENT OF PEAT.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2- Pat-ented Nov. 16, 1915.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT 24' coumnu PLANOGRAPH Heat Treetnientof Peat, ofW the Wet'cerbtnizing'of theislanie.

the rotati on ef the fresh quzintitv of the marten-a1,

uIL TESTBUE meueemfeuemm AN hHQM t RI E r e eleeoe IQ TF VEP A ET QMZ N',IaEIt EEQ: eeii rwwi E GLAN ereeeewwe 17mm remeilifit e fii c Qriginalapplication filed rebm-iar es,

some componentof the peefli ender sits water more freely removable, fore" In Wetcerbonizing peat in'zmpamtus such as has been propose'dhy"Ekenberg (British LettersfPatent Noi '10834k' of 3190 3) .whereinrotating tubular elements are employed; the firovision of the-rotatingeleme ts is list-b le tie-he asourc'e of subst'aiiti'filcoet inOperation, owing' to Wear andtheneed of replacenient-of the pi'rts, andmoreover is e lfrge teeter in the initial'cost of theapperetus. We haveobseri e'd" that if, instead ofprovi'clrotating scrapers and otherdevices ithin the'tuhulzir and ether"el'emeiitsi the peat pulii to 'beWet cztrhonized is iereed through the iifibaratus at considerablevelocity, it" is possihle v by this means? metre-tome- ;vent blockingand other ditficultles wh ch eleineuts Was intended to aroid; and thfatit becomes iinnecess'ary therefore to Q'rOtide'Such rotnltiilgelehientsi We have discovered, llOWGYGI, that the hfighjrite of flowtends to result in iiicoinpletewet carbOIllZiltlOIlTlUQ 2151i) would;avbeer from our expei"-iinents to the" rate at 'which' the cerhon-'itine," reaction broceeds heVi-ng "lirnit'e'd velocity? The fneteriali-eciuire'slthereforeto be maintained for spine ebpreciable' period {itthe requisite temperature"flhefdre?itjl'is allowed to cool b trzm's iterof its heat to e hotrie in i'nind however; that jsuetht element inther'ezirctioir-isfasour experiments suggest, deeefid ent 111K311 the mximumtem ctiiearehtly d'eeerfdent "hen the heconiinqlshorter withfrisine tenntertrture degee bt thef decbmpoeitieifer geiieienefireqifmefiw of Lttefrs t n Patented Nov. 16, 19315. 1913,Serial-NDQMOQJSL' *Divided and this application filed September 24,$1914. SerialNo. 863,312. r I

ture of the peat treated. The completion of vet (Zill'bOIll'ZltlOIltOthe desired degreecan be gaged by the readiness With which the UMFRIES,SCOTLANE,

nmcerzited pulp delivered from the carbon- 12ers parts with itswater ina. filterpresser the like 'to give a coherent cake of relatively lowWater content "andunaccompaniedby objectionable shining up ofthe-cloths; In opereti 11g therefore with ofthe peat pulp as aboveindicated, We make allowance for thenbore features. The presentinvention consists in appemtus for the heettreatment; such as "Wetjczirbonization of carise'd -toflow apparatus that'moving' scrapingorothe'r de- *VlCS" becoine unnecessary; Y and in; Whi ch the 9531;,after-having been raised to the 'desii'ed wet carbonizingtemperature orthereehout,

is 'nia intaine'd at-this temnern 7 we sutlleie'ht period "to allow-'the; cerbonizetion to "complete itself to the desired extent. w ("Thisinvention" elso consists gin the improved a-ppa ratusfot the he; petiteshereina tfterdescribed; r i

In the ztccoinbiinving drewings Figure 1 shows diagrammaticallyone form1of'the,

zmpa ratus siccoi'dingz to this'invention, while s d apparatus; nd Fig;3 alternative The *Wet ca rhonizing element comprises 'peat, in Whichthe peat is at suchit velocity-through the high rate of flow attreatment of it showeto an enlarged scale wdetail of long"concentricstationery tubes. say respejctlv'fllyof 31: lnches internfllginches external and 1 inches internal" diameten and for instencejhetween700 end LOOO feet in total length; and which Ina-Vibe shown as dividedye sect'ionsoiisets of'tuhee. 1 Through "of tubes-h hot lieuid, s .1cl1-as *the- "effluent from the filter presses' o-f the installation isintrod uc'ed at cgtind basses throuefh'tlie tube a' be nfd 'klfigndtubeflhyi n the direct on ind'i- U catetl bv the arrows; e ndtherea fterpasses to e flatter; andf'ie thereb regenerativelw 'thefieat ij lsl esthrough the second -*iflneitube i'whre is eiiether hette lwhile jacketat c. v now conductedby a .bend i to the inner tube* its temperaturegradually approaches that of the etiluent entering the surroundingThepartially heated peat is 7', in. which it is "further regenerativelyheated, but in thiscase by the peat which has been wet carbonized, andis flowingin the opposite direction in the outer tube 76. ,Asthe rawpithilOWlIlg through the tube 7.

is thus surrounded by hot Wet carbonized "peat having atemperaturevvhich increases as theheating locality is approachechradia-.tion of heat-from the hot peat is preferably avoided as by arranging,that the colder material, after passing through the tube 7', isconducted by Way of a bend m. into the outer tube a of the next-tubeset, the inner one 0 or" which contains the hot Wet carbonized peat andconveys the same by; Way or a bend ,4? to the outertubet/a. 1 Inthisvvay the, coldermaterial passing in the outer tube m forms to someextent alagging which diminishesioss of heat. y

The raw material on leaving the tubein then passes into an inner-tube g,and having "passed to the end'thereof its direction of outer concentrictuber.

has

flow is reversed, and it'passes through the additional heat necessary toraise the temperature of the raw material'tothatjivhich been selectedfor theamaximum is supplied by means of a steam jacket '8, to whichsteam is supplied at a pressure of about 190 lbs. per square inch,suchs'team beihgobtained, for example, from a high pressure exhaust of ahigh pressure steam engine supplying power. for the installation,leaving the jacket and-being otherwise uti- ,lized is returned'to thesteam generating plant. as feed, Water. ,By thus arranging that thecolder material entering this part 1 carbonizing element.

offlthe carbonizer is confined to the inner tube 9, the advantage'isobtained-thatthe'. jacket Wall is indirect jcontact Withthe materialwhich is to be heated to thehighest temperature. The; material havingnow been raised-to the required temperature leaves the tube 1" andconduit tinto a closed vessel-u,

passesfbyavvay of a =Wl11Cl'l, 1s provlded Wlth a rotating mlxer o andll'ltl' mediate bafiies ';The rate. of iiovv of the matenal-is'by thismeansmateri'a-lly 'r'e-g iducedf, sothat it remains for instance abouttwenty minutes although this vmay be sub-.

'stantially greater or less as indicated above in the vessel u, vduitw,-by-v:hich "it 1s conveyed to the' nner before passing .into'thecontube .0 of the-regenerative" part of the Wet It Willbe' understoodthat wherein carrying this lIlVQI'ltlOIilIltO efi'ect severjalcarbonizin'g'elements and peat retaimngrvessels of ,the type abovedescribed are employed,

' f the hot liquid which, effects the 1prelimi-nary.

reg re ivehe ng' of-the raru pe t -..n1ay

In this tube" set the and after be supplied to that regenerative part ofsev-' eral carbonlzing elements from the same conduit, such regenerativeparts in some cases being grouped together apart from the rest ofthejcarbonizing' elements. A mixingvessel may 'beprovided for each izingelement, or if preferred several such elements may deliver the hotpeat'into the same vessel, orfaccording to another arrangeinent themixing vessels may deliver the the same conduit from carbonized peatinto which 1t 5 dlstributedto thecarbonizing elementsior the purpose ofeffecting regenerative heating of theincoiningraw material. Thoseregeneratlve portions pertainand in which hot ing to several carbonizerspeat pulp supplies heat may likewise be grouped together and theexternally heated portions grouped in one or more steam Jackets tionarytubes Was with a particular sample of peat pulp finely maceratedandcontain- 9d per cent. Water'25 cms. per

ing about carbon- I r c r Y r 35 A rate of flow which We have foundsatisfactory for runnmg theapparatus with sta second to as muchaslOO'cmsper second or,

. higher. We find the heat transmission per unit surface from peat topeat, and from steam to peat increases r pidly W th an increase ofveloclty, and when Working with a velocity of flow of about 2-7 it. per.second, a

ouired whenworking with a velocity of ft. per's'econdis about 9 50 ft.inth'e regenerative'iportion, and in addition to the length in the steamacket, this being with a difference of temperature on the regenerate,'tive heating surface of about 40? obvious that the length or tube canbevaried It is to suit the conditions governing this heat transmission.and the; amount of regeneration required. 7

. Itis to be observed principal features of the invention'above set outare dependent upon our observationgthat if the peat pulp to beet'carbonized is forced through the apparatus'at aconsiderable-velocity,it

is"possible1by-this means alone to; prevent blocking andotherdiiiiculties ,vvhich the rotation of the elements informerapparatus T (see British Patent; specifications Nos. 1083A 'of-1903,6041 ot 1910 and 17610 of 1911) 7 Was intended to avoid.

that with such rate of fiovv there 15 a tendency for incompletegcar N ehave further observed, however,

bonization and thatas it would appear from our experlments,ftherate at,Wh ch the'carboniz nge lon pro eedsh s a defi it vethe tube alls passingthrough that part mined temperature has 'locity, the materialrequirestherefore to be maintained for some appreciable period at oraboutthe maximum temperatiu'e before it 1s allowed to cool by transferof itsheat raw material entering the earbonizer.

The pressure which may be required in the 'caseof an apparatus of thedimensions which have been lnstanced to give the pulp the desiredvelocitythrough the'apparatus has been observed by us With oneparticular peat finely macerated and containing say 93.5% of Water toamount "to several hun dreds of pounds per square inch800 lbsfin andgeneral economy in the Working of the. apparatus to insure a substantialagitation Within the peat pulp flowing through the apparatus, and whilethe rapid l'lOW alone produces apparently the movement necessary toprevent lodgment on the Walls our experiments suggest a tendency tochanneling or stratification in the pulp. For this reason among othersWeprefer to provide specific baffling devices such as a diaphragm of thetype seen at y in Fig. 2, and provided with a large central orifice inthe path of the flow and at suitable distances apart, these acting toproduce a churning or eddying in the material. In order to preventlikelihood of deposition in the angles formed by these devices it isdesirable to provide as shown a coned approach torthe diaphragm. Again,if cross connections be provided at intervals which interchange thestreams of peat from annulus to core and vice versa, each interchangevvill secure an, agitation of the material.

An important advantage arising from alternately passing the peat which.flows from and into the carbonizer through annulus and core of the tubesets described with reference to the drawing, is that it enablesax-construction to be obtained in Which as withthat illustrated the rawpeat passes to the maximum extent through the inner tubes of the systemthis leading to a reduction of pressure re quired for propulsion owingto the raw peat with the relatively high viscosity or shear on Where theproportion of surlface of all to cross sectional area is least. I

The apparatus may be constructed-With any desired number of concentrictubes and layers 'of peat flowing therein. Thus the regenerator portionmay be formed of four concentric tubes in alternate ones of which flowrespectively peat to and peat from the carbonizer portion proper.

-laving now described our invention, What We claim as new and deslre tosecure by Letters Patent, is

1. Apparatus for the heat treatment of peat, comprising concentrictubular stat1onary elements, through whlch the peat is passed Whilebeing heated, means connect,

ing the space ithin the inner tube of one element to an annular space ofanother,and means connecting the annular space ofthe first mentionedelement with the inner space of the second.

2. Apparatus for the heat treatment of peat, comprising in comb1nat1on,'concene trio tubular heating elements, means eX- ternal thereto forforcing the peat therethrough, and baflling means disposed Withlnsaidelements at suitable intervals along a the length thereof.

3, Apparatus for the heat treatment of peat, havlng stationaryconcentric tubular elements through Whichthe peat is forced While beingheated to about the desired maximumtemperature and having a vesselseparate from the tubular elements wherein the material is maintained ator about the desired temperature for the neces sary period.

4. Apparatus for the heat treatment of peat having a plurality of setsof concentric tubular elements and means for interchanging the flow ofpeat between an inner tube space and an outer annular space, and between the latter space and the former.

5. Apparatus for the heat treatment of peat comprising in combinationconcentric tubular heating elements, forcing means effecting rapidpassage through the inner tube space of peat being preheatedregeneratively by treated peat passing through the annular tube space,means for further heating the preheated peat, a receptacle separate fromsaid elements for maintaining the heated peat at about the desiredmaximum temperature, until treatment is completed to the requiredextent, and means returning the completelv treated peat to the annularregenerative tube space of the heating elements.

6. Apparatus for the heat treatment of peat, comprising in combination,concentrio tubular stationary elements, forcing means effecting rapidpassage of the peat through said elements, heating means ex tendingalong part of the flengthof the ele ments, lagging meansextending alonga vfurther length, and regenerative means ex, j tending along the remaning portion ofjthe therethrou egenerative means receiving warm eflluentexpressed of peatvcomprlsingln combination stationary tubular heatingelements, forcing means 20 i said elementa'steam untreated peat warmedby sired extent.

lengthof said elementsto preheat untreattaining the peat at about thistemperature until heat treatment is completed to the de- 7 SL'ApParatusfor the wet carbonization to efi'ect ra aid passage of the peatthroughthe peat to the requisite maximumtemperature, a receptacle m which thepeat 1s maintained at or about said temperature intil wet carbonizationhas been effected to the desired extent, heat regenerating meansreceiving peat from said receptacle to heat rawpeat and heatregenerating means reforcing heated means to heat:

s am

said elements, steam heated means to heat the peat to the requisitemaximum tern-- perature, a receptacle in which'the peat is maintained ator about said temperature until wet carbonization has been efiected tothe desired extent, heat regenerating means receiving peat from saidreceptacle to heat raw peat, heat regenerating means receiving from. wetcarbonized peat hot effluent for heating raw, peat, and interconnecting7 means by which the peat to be, treated can bepassed throughand'aro'und said heat re-' generatingmeans. 1

In testimony whereof we have signed our names to this specification inthe presence of two subscribing witnesses.

NILS rnsrnur. T. RIGBY.

Witnesses! H. D NWOR J., M. Benign.

' Copies of this patent may be obtained for fi ve cents each, byaddressing; the Commissioner of l atents 7 WashingtOnD. C.

